Energy storage packs are systems designed to store energy for later use. they provide backup power during outages, 3. they facilitate integration with renewable sources, 4. Unlike a simple single-cell battery (like a AA battery), a battery pack is a composite unit. It involves connecting multiple lithium-ion cells in series and parallel configurations, taking into account factors such as system mechanical strength, thermal management, and BMS. In modern energy storage systems, batteries are structured into three key components: cells, modules, and packs. Each level of this structure plays a crucial role in delivering the performance, safety, and reliability demanded by various applications, including electric vehicles, renewable energy.