On average, commercial and industrial energy storage systems cost between $320 and $480 per kilowatt-hour (system-level, installed). Conversely, establishing large-scale commercial or grid-scale projects demands substantially more, often running into tens of millions of dollars. Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Storage Grand Challenge is a comprehensive program that seeks to accelerate. At its most fundamental level, commercial battery storage cost refers to the total capital expenditure (CAPEX) required to procure, integrate, and commission a battery energy storage system within a commercial or industrial setting. This cost is typically expressed as a “turnkey” figure, covering.